Research & Publications

My research on international adjudication, judicial reasoning, and computational law has been published in leading peer-reviewed journals and by major university presses. I also build tools and datasets for large-scale legal analysis — from OCR pipelines for court archives and citation mining across judicial decisions, to AI-powered legal research systems and comprehensive corpora of international legal materials.

A comprehensive list is also available on my Google Scholar profile. I welcome inquiries from prospective PhD students with innovative projects in my areas of expertise.

• Niccolò Ridi, Precedent in International Adjudication (Oxford University Press, forthcoming)
• Thomas Schultz, Jason Mitchenson & Niccolò Ridi, The Principle of Comity in Public and Private International Law (Cambridge University Press, forthcoming)
• The Elgar Concise Encyclopedia of the Law of International Organizations (Edward Elgar, forthcoming) (edited with Lorenzo Gasbarri and Christiane Ahlborn)
• Theorizing Procedure in International Adjudication (edited with Juliette McIntyre) Proposal stage
• 'GenAI as an International Lawyer: A Case Study with the Jessup International Law Moot Court' (2025) (with Damien Charlotin) SSRN Working paper · Top Ten in Legal Scholarship, Political Science & Computer Science Research Networks
• 'Instrumentalized Migration and Jurisdictional Challenges: Lithuania v. Belarus at the ICJ', EJIL: Talk! (2025) (with Matina Papadaki)
• 'Peace Palace Papers, Please' (2025). Python code to download and OCR the entire body of case law, pleadings, and hearing transcripts of the International Court of Justice. Colab
• 'Headnote Harvester' (2025). A PDF processing and legal Q&A pipeline employing Mistral OCR and Google Gemini to extract key legal concepts and generate cited summaries (headnotes).
• 'SHABT.ai' (2025). Semantic Hyperdimensional Analysis of Bench Texts AI — a chatbot to query the jurisprudence of the ICJ based on data generated with Headnote Harvester.
• 'Res Judicata and Time', in Andrea Gattini (ed), Time and International Litigation (Brill 2024) SSRN
• 'Distantly Reading the Recueil des cours: A Quantitative Analysis of the Hague Academy Collected Courses' (2024) European Journal of International Law 247–262 (with Thomas Schultz)
• 'The Use of Scholarship by the European Court of Human Rights' (2024) International and Comparative Law Quarterly (with Kanstantsin Dzehtsiarou)
• 'Tracing the Footprints of International Law Ideas' (2024) 64(2) Virginia Journal of International Law 405–446 (with Thomas Schultz) SSRN
• 'The Use of Authorities by International Courts and Tribunals', in Joanna Gomula & Stephan Wittich (eds), Research Handbook of International Procedural Law (Elgar 2024)
• 'Judicial Comity', in Hélène Ruiz Fabri (ed), Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Procedural Law (OUP 2024)
• 'Judicial Decisions – Article 38(1)(d) ICJ Statute', Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (2024)
• Seán Fobbe, Lorenzo Gasbarri & Niccolò Ridi, 'Corpus of Resolutions: UN Security Council (CR-UNSC)' (2024) Zenodo
• Seán Fobbe, Lorenzo Gasbarri & Niccolò Ridi, 'Words of Power: Introducing a Comprehensive Corpus of UN Security Council Resolutions' (2024) Zenodo
• 'ECHR Peerless Pleading Purveyor' (2024). Python code to download and transcribe webcasts of hearings before the European Court of Human Rights. Colab
• 'IACtHR Listener' (2024). Python code to download and process decisions of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Colab
• 'UNCITRAL Listener' (2024). Python code to download, transcribe, and process audio recordings of UNCITRAL meetings. Colab
• 'The Purloined PDF' (2024). A converter and RAG pipeline to extract text from PDF files and optimise it for use with large language models. Colab
• 'ICJ Digest Generator' (2024). Python code generating a digest of the jurisprudence of the ICJ through citation mining and large language models. Colab
• 'Dr. Ridi's Fabled Pleading Parser' (2024). A versatile document analysis tool utilising various LLM APIs (OpenAI, Gemini, Claude) and local models to analyse legal pleadings and generate structured spreadsheets of key information.
• 'Generative AI and the Law: A Series of Lecture Tutorials' (2024). Interactive Google Colaboratory notebooks covering LLM fundamentals, technical foundations, prompt engineering, customising AI for legal tasks, and adversarial prompt techniques.
• 'The Role of Previous Resolutions in the Practice of the Security Council' (2023) 61(3) Columbia Journal of Transnational Law 571 (with Lorenzo Gasbarri) SSRN
• 'Book Review: Rossana Deplano, Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives on International Law' (2023) Australian Year Book of International Law
• 'Academic Scribe' (2023). Python code to transcribe and refine lecture recordings using OpenAI Whisper and large language models. Colab
• 'Authority-Based Argument Miner' (2023). Python code to identify cited scholarship and case law in pleadings before international judicial bodies. Colab Companion code to Ridi & Schultz, 'Tracing the Footprints of International Law Ideas'
• 'Sanctioning to Change State Behaviour' (2022) 13(2) Journal of International Dispute Settlement 210 (with Veronika Fikfak) SSRN
• 'Layers of Preclusion: Res judicata Issues in Victor Pey Casado v Chile' (2022) ICSID Review SSRN
• 'GATT Article XX(d)', in Peter-Tobias Stoll & Holger P. Hestermeyer (eds), Commentaries on World Trade Law (Brill 2022)
• 'Book Review: Jan Paulsson, The Unruly Notion of Abuse of Rights' (2022) European Journal of International Law
• 'Rule of Precedent and Rules on Precedent: Regulating the Use of the Past in International Adjudication and Arbitration', in Eric de Brabandere (ed), International Procedure in Interstate Litigation and Arbitration: A Comparative Approach (CUP 2021) SSRN Cited in ILC, First Report on Subsidiary Means (A/CN.4/760)
• Evidence to the UK Parliament Lords Select Committee on International Relations and Defence, 'UNCLOS: Fit for Purpose in the 21st Century?' (2021) (with Massimo Fabio Lando)
• 'United States — Anti-Dumping Measures Applying Differential Pricing Methodology to Softwood Lumber from Canada' (2020) 114 American Journal of International Law 735 SSRN
• 'Empirically Mapping Investment Arbitration Scholarship: Networks, Authorities, and the Research Front', in Katia Fach Gomez (ed), Private Actors in International Investment Law (Springer 2020) 209 (with Thomas Schultz) SSRN
• 'Arbitration Literature', in Thomas Schultz & Federico Ortino (eds), The Oxford Handbook of International Arbitration (OUP 2020) 1 (with Thomas Schultz) SSRN
• 'Mapping the "Invisible College of International Lawyers" through Obituaries' (2020) 34(1) Leiden Journal of International Law (with Luíza Leão Soares Pereira) SSRN
• 'Approaches to External Precedent: Invocation of International Decisions in Investment Arbitration and WTO Dispute Settlement', in Behn, Langford & Gáspár-Szilágyi (eds), Adjudicating Trade and Investment Law: Convergence or Divergence? (CUP 2020)
• 'How Comity Makes Transnationalism Work', in Peer Zumbansen (ed), The Many Lives of Transnational Law (CUP 2020) 88–102 (with Thomas Schultz) SSRN
• 'The Shape and Structure of the "Usable Past": An Empirical Analysis of the Use of Precedent in International Adjudication' (2019) 10 Journal of International Dispute Settlement 200 SSRN Runner-up, James Crawford Prize
• '"Mirages of an Intellectual Dreamland"? Ratio, Obiter and the Textualization of International Precedent' (2019) 10 Journal of International Dispute Settlement 361 SSRN
• 'Precarious Finality? Reflections on Res Judicata in the Question of the Delimitation of the Continental Shelf Case' (2018) Leiden Journal of International Law 383 SSRN
• 'Comity in US Courts' (2018) 10(1) Northeastern University Law Review 281 (with Thomas Schultz) SSRN
• 'Comity and International Courts and Tribunals' (2017) 50 Cornell International Law Journal 577 (with Thomas Schultz) SSRN
• 'Comity: The Narrative and Influence of a Core American Concept' (2017) Yearbook of Private International Law (with Thomas Schultz) SSRN
• 'Militias', in Grote, Lachenmann & Wolfrum (eds), Max Planck Encyclopedia of Comparative Constitutional Law (2017)
• 'Book Review: Vadi, Analogies in International Investment Law and Arbitration' (2017) British Yearbook of International Law 222 SSRN
• 'The Last Page: Public International Law Limericks' (2016) European Journal of International Law (with Sondre Torp Helmersen) SSRN
• 'Book Review: Hindelang and Krajewski (eds), Shifting Paradigms in International Investment Law' (2016) European Journal of International Law 545 SSRN
• 'Book Review: Bianchi, Peat, and Windsor (eds), Interpretation in International Law' (2016) King's Law Journal SSRN
• 'The Mediterranean Migrants Crisis and the Use of Force — Is There a Case for Destroying Smugglers' Boats?' (2015) Opinio Juris (with Sondre Torp Helmersen)
• 'All the Reasons Europe's Plan to Attack Migrant Boats Is a Bad Idea' (2015) Quartz (with Sondre Torp Helmersen)
• 'Overview: Human Rights Law' (2014) 3(1) Cambridge Journal of International and Comparative Law 286
• 'The Exercise of Diplomatic Protection on Behalf of Refugees', in Vasilka Sancin & Maša Kovič Dine (eds), Responsibility to Protect in Theory and Practice (GV Založba 2013) 653
• Paolo Caretti et al., L'iniziativa legislativa popolare in prospettiva comparata, Report (Library of the Italian Senate)